Photovoltaic (PV) systems are electrical systems, converting the energy from sunlight into electrical energy. This technology showed up at the beginning of the last century,…
Author: eazambuja
Fields in transmission lines
Let's consider the general case of electromagnetic waves propagation in transmission lines. Transmission lines can be cylindrical with a parallel core, or can be…
Analogue-to-digital and digital-to-analogue signal conversion
This post covers the topic "AD and DA conversion explained". Digital-to-analogue (DAC) conversion converts binary words into voltage or current signal. And it's extreme…
Rectangular waveguide
This post answers the question "What is rectangular waveguide?". In order to find the transmission line impedance and the fields in the transmission line,…
Depletion MOSFET
A depletion MOSFET is a one state transistor, that is in an ON state even when the gate to source voltage VGS or VGSS…
Circular transmission lines
A circular waveguide is schematically depicted in Figure 5. To consider its parameters we will employ the polar coordinates with radial components ρ and…
Coaxial transmission line
A schematic coaxial transmission line is depicted below and widely used both commercially and industrially, especially in connectors. To obtain the field solution for…
The transmission line as parallel planes, stripes and microstripes
Parallel planes or stripes is the most general example of transmission line. Schematically it is depicted below. The parallel stripes can carry TEM, TM…
Complex conductance. Active and reactive power
Complex conductance Y is the value, reverse to the complex resistance Z, where Y=1Z=ye-jφ. Complex conductance is measured with Siemens (1Ohm), Y=1R+jX=R-jXR2+X2=RR2+X2-j XR2+X2. Ohm Law’s using the conductivity…
Two-terminal networks in the AC circuit
Let's consider a passive two-terminal network, connected to the input source E. The input resistance in this case is Zin=EI, Zin=Rin+jXin, the input conductance is Yin=1Zin. If the Xin<0, then…