Nanotechnology is a technology in the nanoscale. Nanotechnology can be applied to different fields like physics, chemistry, biology and particularly nanoelectronics. Nanoelectronics deals with…
Category: Year 3
RF signals – introduction
The radio frequency and microwave field deals with AC signals, with frequencies ranging from 100MHz to 1,000GHz. Radio frequencies usually refer to signals from…
CMOS techniques
This post covers CMOS formation techniques. There are a few CMOS formation technologies: 1. P-well process 2. N-well process 3. Twin-well process 4. Triple-well…
Photolithography and wafer processing
This post covers topic of photolithography process. Before we considered how the simplest CMOS devices work. Every electronic engineer should understand how the devices…
CMOS device formation steps
This post covers CMOS device formation stepsCMOS processing is divided into two parts – FEOL (front-end-of-line) and BEOL (back-end of line). The CMOS device…
Delay
This post tells about types of delay in VLSI. When designing semiconductor devices it is very important to take into consideration the speed and…
IC reliability and failure mechanisms
The creation of integrated circuits is a very responsible task as all the systems should work sustainably during billions of cycles. One of the…
Layout design rules
This post covers introduction to layout design rules. Layout design rules are introduced in order to create reliable and functional circuits on a small…
Antenna effect
This post tells about the antenna effect in VLSI and antenna rules in VLSI. During a real manufacturing process some undesirable effects can occur.…
Basic concepts of fiber optics and communications
This post answers the question "What is fiber optics and how it works?" Any signal can be transmitted in an electrical form as an…