The typical optical carrier frequencies are ~ 200THz. The microwave carrier frequencies are ~1GHz. This means that optical…
Step-index and grade-index fibers
This post answers the question "What is meant by step-index and grade-index fibers?". Geometrical fiber is the simplest…
Coulomb’s law. Electric field.
Electric charge is a measure of the elementary particles that enable electrical and magnetic interactions. Electric charge, is…
Introduction into semiconductor memory
Memory is a very important part of a computer that stores programs and data. It can be classified…
MOSFET amplifier basics
Besides the resistive function, MOSFETs can also perform an amplification function. Let’s consider how we can obtain the…
Top IoT terms and challenges
This post covers top IoT terms and challenges. IoT usage is growing rapidly. Manufacturers are creating more and…
Divergence theorem
The Coulomb Law and superposition principle can lead to divergence theorem which is valid for bilateral, axial and…
Digital position encoder
This post covers the topic of what is a working principle of digital position encoder. A digital position…
Electrostatic field and potential difference
We know how to find the potential difference between two points in the electrostatic field: φ1-φ2=∫12Eldl Let’s find…
Conductors in the external electric field. Faraday’s law
This post is about Fardey's Law and conductor's behaviour and features in the external electric field. Let’s consider…