This post covers CMOS device formation stepsCMOS processing is divided into two parts – FEOL (front-end-of-line) and BEOL (back-end of line). The CMOS device…
Category: Learning
Delay
This post tells about types of delay in VLSI. When designing semiconductor devices it is very important to take into consideration the speed and…
IC reliability and failure mechanisms
The creation of integrated circuits is a very responsible task as all the systems should work sustainably during billions of cycles. One of the…
Layout design rules
This post covers introduction to layout design rules. Layout design rules are introduced in order to create reliable and functional circuits on a small…
Antenna effect
This post tells about the antenna effect in VLSI and antenna rules in VLSI. During a real manufacturing process some undesirable effects can occur.…
What are MOS devices
A MOS-device is a simplified example of a MOSFET structure (without source and drain). Let's consider how the MOS-device works. The simplest MOS-device has…
Basic concepts of fiber optics and communications
This post answers the question "What is fiber optics and how it works?" Any signal can be transmitted in an electrical form as an…
Mode propagation in optical fiber
This post answers the question: "What is mode propagation in optical fiber?". In order to consider concept of light propagation we will use Maxwell…
Single-mode fibers
This post answers the question: "What are features of single mode fiber?". Single-mode fibers are fibers that support only HE11 mode, fundamental mode. Single-mode…
Piezoelectric transducer
This post is about how piezoelectric transducer work. Piezoelectric transducer is used to measure force, pressure and acceleration. These sensors contain a piezoelectric element…