This post answers the question how capacitive displacement sensor works. Capacitance of a parallel-plates capacitor is determined by the formula C=εadwhere a is the…
Category: Year 2
Piezoelectric transducer
This post is about how piezoelectric transducer work. Piezoelectric transducer is used to measure force, pressure and acceleration. These sensors contain a piezoelectric element…
MOSFET small-signal model and equivalent circuit
As we discussed before, the output voltage for the MOSFET amplifier is non-linear towards the input voltage: vout=VS-K(vDS-VTh)22RL. Figure 1 shows the MOSFET amplifier…
Rotating electric machines
The operating of rotating electric machines is based on the very well known laws of electric and magnetic fields. The key role in the…
Introduction into semiconductor memory
Memory is a very important part of a computer that stores programs and data. It can be classified as non-volatile and volatile. First of…
MOSFET amplifier basics
Besides the resistive function, MOSFETs can also perform an amplification function. Let’s consider how we can obtain the amplification function from a MOSFET. Figure…
Digital position encoder
This post covers the topic of what is a working principle of digital position encoder. A digital position encoder is a sensor that generates…
Microprocessor as a part of digital system
Microprocessors are the main part of all digital systems, and solve design problems. Microprocessors combine software and hardware in order to provide a framework…
Signal sources, noise sources, coupling mechanisms
This post answers the question how to reduce noise in a circuit. During circuit design it is important to make a proper connection between…
Filtering and amplification
This post answers the question what is filtering in signal processing. The first step towards a proper measurement system is shielded, grounded and wired…