Let’s consider the solenoid that creates a magnetic field when DC current goes through the coil. The field in the solenoid is uniform, and it is proportional to the current through the coil:

B0=μ0nI.

If there is any substance in the solenoid, its magnetic field will change:

B=B0+B.

As soon as this field is characterised by a bigger intensity close to the nucleus, we have to use the average distributed magnetic field for calculations. To describe the magnetic field correctly, which is created by the micro-currents in the fragment of substance, we must consider the magnetising vector of substance:

J=ipmiV

The magnetising vector is a local characteristic, and can vary in different points of substance. This characteristic helps to determine the magnetic field:

B=μ0J

For uniform and isotropic fields, magnetising is the following:

J=χB0μ0

Where  is a magnetic susceptibility coefficient. Thus,

B=B0+B=B0+μ0B0=(1+μ0)B0=μB0

The parameter  shows how the magnetic field in the substance differs from magnetic fields in a vacuum –

μ=BB0

is a magnetic permittivity.

Magnetic types

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